The IoT technology stack

The IoT technology stack

The IoT technology stack is nothing else than a range of technologies, standards and applications, which lead from the simple connection of objects to the Internet to the most easy and most complex applications that use these connected things, the data they gather and communicate and the different steps needed to power these applications.

Without that IoT technology stack there would be no possibility to do something with IoT devices and no reason to connect things to the Internet.  So, simply said the IoT technology stack encompasses all the needed technologies to move from IoT device and data to an actual purpose and goal or so-called IoT use case.

We all know we should try to use less electricity, water and other resources, but actually changing our habits can be hard — especially when we can't see the immediate impact of our actions. A number of IoT products take aim at resource use by tracking and displaying real-time data to users, and by automating the operation of lights, appliances and heating and cooling systems to help reduce consumption. Examples of objects that can fall into the scope of Internet of Things include connected security systems, thermostats, cars, electronic appliances, lights in household and commercial environments, alarm clocks, speaker systems, vending machines and more.  

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Audio Visual Engineer Overview of Position

Audio Visual Engineer Overview of Position

Responsibility for implementing the Walter Reed National Military Medical center Department of Simulation’s AV equipment support and maintenance program. Performs research on AV systems analyzes problems and requirements, recommends upgrades, integrates equipment, maintenance and repair with limited supervision.
Roles and Responsibilities:

• Accountable for the receipt, issue, requisitioning, procuring and inventory of AV related items
• Responsible for setup, operation, and maintenance of all video recorders, computer editing systems, in-house closed-circuit television systems, and other A/V equipment owned by the Department of Simulation.
• Responsible for creative program production on audio and videotape including creative video and audio editing techniques.
• Operates fixed and portable video camera(s) in the recording of video footage for use in various educational programs.
• Works closely with employees and supervisors to develop scripts in support of the center’s goals such as emergency operations, educational programs, public affairs, technical, environmental, documentary programs and public service announcements for radio and television.
• Provides narration of video and audio productions and slide productions
• Coordinates the selection of visuals (images, video clips) to provide graphic and photographic materials to be used in production.
• Working knowledge of recording equipment, both video, and audio, to select and conform to the appropriate situations in meshing all production aspects together into a completed product.
• Evaluates and updates new audio visual technology to implement and enhance the capability to provide state-of-the-art products.
• Create databank of relevant educational videos and images and other educational content for future use by the Department of Simulation.

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Software Engineering Degrees

Most people are familiar with older, more traditional engineering fields such as mechanical, civil, or electrical. Software Engineering is a relatively new discipline, but in today’s increasingly interconnected world, it is becoming more and more important.

Software Engineering differs from Computer Science or Web Design in that you are formulating how the overall software system functions, and how it works within its intended hardware environment.

Software Engineers are responsible for every phase of a development project, not just for writing the computer code. Upon the initiation of a project, they make sure requirements are documented and validated.

This assures the entire project is working toward the correct goal. They then move on to system design, often overseeing the creation of software prototypes to present to clients for additional validation.

Once the design is solid, Software Engineers manage the overall development effort to make sure the pieces are coming together as planned. Finally, they create and oversee test cases which assure system functionality is complete and traceable to the requirements generated at the time of project initiation.

Software Engineering is the discipline that makes sure computer systems are developed methodically and result in building the right product with quality built in from the beginning.

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Software Engineering Degrees

Most people are familiar with older, more traditional engineering fields such as mechanical, civil, or electrical. Software Engineering is a relatively new discipline, but in today’s increasingly interconnected world, it is becoming more and more important.

Software Engineering differs from Computer Science or Web Design in that you are formulating how the overall software system functions, and how it works within its intended hardware environment.

Software Engineers are responsible for every phase of a development project, not just for writing the computer code. Upon the initiation of a project, they make sure requirements are documented and validated.

This assures the entire project is working toward the correct goal. They then move on to system design, often overseeing the creation of software prototypes to present to clients for additional validation.

Once the design is solid, Software Engineers manage the overall development effort to make sure the pieces are coming together as planned. Finally, they create and oversee test cases which assure system functionality is complete and traceable to the requirements generated at the time of project initiation.

Software Engineering is the discipline that makes sure computer systems are developed methodically and result in building the right product with quality built in from the beginning.

Software Engineering degrees are available at the undergraduate, master’s, and doctorate (PhD) levels. As you move up in a Software Engineering career, increasing your education level will allow you to tackle ever more complex systems. At the pinnacle of Software Engineering are people that design the systems behind well-known technological marvels from the Space Shuttle to Google’s databases.

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Mechanical Engineering Degrees

Mechanical engineering is the broadest of the engineering disciplines. This field focuses on two major topics: thermal systems and mechanical systems.

As a result, the mechanical engineering curriculum overlaps many other engineering fields, including aerospace, biomedical, chemical, civil, electrical, industrial, materials and metallurgical and petroleum.

Before these courses can be taken, however, the aspiring mechanical engineer must develop a thorough understanding of the fundamental subjects of calculus, differential equations, partial differential equations, calculus-based physics, and chemistry.

All mechanical engineering programs require multiple semesters or quarters of these subjects. These subjects lay the foundation to the understanding of the core curriculum. The mechanical engineering student cannot master the core mechanical engineering concepts without mastering the fundamentals.

It usually takes four to five years to obtain a bachelor of science in mechanical engineering. Students should seriously think about co-operative education where they take one semester or quarter of university courses and work in an industry-related environment the next semester or quarter.

Co-oping is a paid internship, and oftentimes the job experience can lead to employment at graduation. The ambitious student can take another two years of coursework to obtain a Master's Degree in mechanical engineering. The student who desires to go into research and/or teach engineering can spend another year or two obtaining a Ph.D.

There are some universities that offer online mechanical engineering study programs. However, mechanical engineering is not well suited to online study because this discipline requires hands-on experience with moving parts and instruments.

Additionally, all accredited engineering schools require the design, construction and presentation of a senior design project that is supervised by an engineering professor. This is an educational benefit that an online study program cannot truly offer.

Professional Engineer (PE) License

The PE license is a respected seal of competence and assurance of quality. This prestigious license shows that the engineer is at the top of the profession, both incompetence and ethics. For consulting engineers and private practitioners, it is essential if not a legal requirement to be licensed. Only professional engineers can sign and seal engineering drawings or serve as qualified expert witnesses.

Moreover, professional engineers can earn higher incomes throughout their careers, and the license expands the opportunities beyond the company organization, such as independent consulting.

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Marine Engineering Degrees

During the course of obtaining a marine engineering degree, you will learn how to apply the principles of engineering to systems that help seafaring vessels, docks and other aquatic entities function. This may include designing and evaluating propulsion and power supply systems to assist communication and navigational devices, engines, foul-weather gear and many other types of marine tools. Becoming a marine engineer takes time, patience, dedication, and commitment to your studies.

You can study for a bachelor's, master's or Ph.D. in marine engineering, which will prepare you to design and evaluate sea-faring vessels and other equipment while on land. Alternatively, you can enroll in the United States Merchant Marines Academy and learn how to operate and care for a ship’s equipment with one of three degrees: Marine Engineering, Marine Engineering Systems, and Marine Engineering.

While every engineering school has slightly different requirements, in general, undergraduate applicants should have completed high school with excellent advanced science and math course grades. High ACT or SAT test scores are also helpful when applying for a program in marine engineering.

Marine engineering graduates have a number of career options. They may choose to work as naval combat or propulsion engineers or marine equipment specialists. Becoming a marine system, marine structural, or ship’s engineer is also a possibility. Others may find the job duties of a marine equipment specialist or hydrographic surveyor more to their liking.

Many companies hiring freshly graduated marine engineers provide hands-on training using new employees’ academic knowledge as a foundation. In general, undergraduate students are expected to take advantage of marine engineering-related work-study jobs and internships to improve their likelihood of being hired post-graduation.

Individuals with a master's or Ph.D. in Marine Engineering usually aim for jobs in government or academia. Working for private design, engineering and architectural firms is also a popular choice.

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Chemical Engineering Nature of Work

Chemical Engineering Nature of Work

Chemical engineers are not only the lab coat wearing scientists who stand over beakers, mixing formulas in laboratories. They also work in the field, putting into practice the knowledge gained in laboratories, as well as their own brand of chemistry that applies the physical sciences and the life sciences.

Aside from the standard 4-year-degree courses, there are degrees with an emphasis on environmental, biochemical, or materials engineering. Environmental studies prepare engineers to work on waste minimization, pollution control, and waste management. Biochemical studies prepare students to enter the biochemical industry, and support a strong pre-med program.

Materials engineering incorporates chemistry and applied physics, with interest in the atomic and molecular levels of materials. Emphasizing these areas requires a slightly heavier course load. On graduating, students are traditional chemical engineers as well as specialists.

Beyond receiving a B.S. in chemical engineering, students can pursue other graduate degrees. The master's degree (M.Sc.) for chemical engineering is the next level, and generally requires 5 quarters of study. Typically, a university will allow no more than 3 years for the completion of this degree, and a grade point average of 3.00 is required.

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) studies prepare graduates to take active parts in the ever-changing field of chemical engineering. A Ph.D. can access all levels of industrial and research organizations such as national laboratories or university teaching.

There are too many labs and field study requirements to make online study suitable for a conventional B.S. in chemical engineering, but it is possible to earn a master of science degree in chemical engineering (MSCHE) online, through some sources. These opportunities are designed for outstanding students who already have engineering degrees. Qualifications and prerequisites are stringent.

Through chemical processes, chemical engineers find new and creative ways of making those things that improve our lives. Their work ranges from developing better skin-care products to finding materials that are more fire-resistant. Chemical engineers can be part of an innovative team at a manufacturing facility or working in cutting-edge research.
As a chemical engineer, you might be a quality control specialist for a corporation that manufactures cleaning products or jet airplanes. You might be discovering less destructive and more sustainable ways to extract and use natural resources. You might be designing or discovering the latest sensation in the eye care industry, better aerosol propellants, more durable paints, and ways to preserve foods and medicines longer. The sky is not the limit; it is just another avenue for what you might discover.

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Audio Engineering Degrees

Audio engineering is an intricate blend of science and creativity. It involves technical aspects of equipment set-up and operation, but also requires a creative side to enhance and blend the sounds to produce the desired effects.

Often called sound engineers, these professionals are highly sought after in all areas of the entertainment industry. Musicians depend on audio engineers in the studio and in live performances to polish their sound and to keep it consistent throughout each recording or performance. Audio engineers mix the music and enhance the balance to provide the best final product. In television and movies, audio engineers are responsible for all of the sound effects, music, and sound levels heard in the video productions. Even radio depends on sound engineers to keep their stations operating properly. There are other careers available to audio engineers, but the entertainment industry provides the most opportunity.

For those interested in pursuing a career in the audio engineering field, there are three different levels of degrees available. An Associate in Applied Science will teach the basics of working in the industry. The Bachelor of Science degree goes more in depth in both the music and technical aspects of the business. The Master's degree programs focus on very specific aspects of audio engineering.

Both the Associate and Bachelor degrees require a minimum of a high school diploma, a GED certificate, or the equivalent. Different schools, particularly those offering Bachelor programs, may also have specific requirements for placement tests or minimum scores for standard college entrance tests, like the SAT or ACT. In addition to the school standards, strong math skills, a good grasp of music, and an understanding of technology are all beneficial skills in pursuing this course of study.

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Electrical Engineer Employment and Outlook

Electrical Engineer Employment and Outlook

A bachelor’s degree is needed to become an electrical engineer. This is an area of specialty in the engineering field, and these degrees will prepare an individual for an entry-level job. It is important to start studying for their chosen career as early as high school.

Aspiring electrical engineers have to take as much math and science coursework as possible including algebra, calculus, and trigonometry. Drafting courses are also valuable. This is mainly because engineering students are usually required to do technical drawings. Bachelor’s degrees take four years to complete and include laboratory, classroom, and fieldwork.

Electrical engineers may have to obtain a master’s degree or other training certifications in order to qualify for research positions. There are five-year programs that offer both bachelor’s and master’s degrees together. They should pass the Fundamentals Engineering exam to obtain a license after the bachelor’s degree and Principles and Practice of Engineering exam after an internship.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), there were about 294,000 electronic engineers employed in 2010. About 14 percent worked for the federal government, 11 percent were employed with wired telecommunications carriers and electronic manufacturing firms and 8 percent held jobs in navigational, electromedical instruments manufacturing, architectural and engineering related services.

The BLS also reports that there will be slower than average growth for electrical engineers. There is only a 6 percent expected increase in the demands for these professionals from 2010 until 2020. This is mainly because of the decline in the manufacturing industry where they are mostly employed.

However, there are good projections for electrical engineers who work on an as-needed basis rather than those who are permanently employed. Similarly, there is a good future ahead for electrical engineers who specialize in research and development

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Nuclear Engineering Degrees

Nuclear engineering is the most integrated of the engineering disciplines. The many components of nuclear systems (medical imaging, nuclear fission reactors, ultrasensitive contraband detectors, and fusion reactors) must all be understood as well as how they relate to one another. Nuclear engineers must be experts in their primary field, as well as knowledgeable in other fields such as electronics, thermodynamics, physics, and materials science. The fundamentals of one science are often the same tools used in solving problems in the other disciplines.

An undergraduate degree in nuclear science and engineering develops the fundamentals of nuclear processes—their production, interactions, and radiation measurements. These studies bring the student all the way to the design phase of nuclear-based systems, stressing social, health, and energy and security impacts.

Studies also incorporate computer methods, thermal-fluid engineering, and electronics—critical tools for a nuclear engineering career.

What Types of Nuclear Engineering Degrees Exist?

The Bachelor of Science degree in Nuclear Science and Engineering prepares students for careers in the application and engineering of low-energy nuclear physics. This includes design, analysis, and operation of radiation systems and their applications, such as fission reactors and accelerators, and biomedical uses. Students are also prepared for graduate study in a wide range of engineering and physical sciences.

A five-year program offers an opportunity to earn a Bachelor of Science and a Master of Science in Nuclear Science and Engineering simultaneously.

Beyond those studies, students can pursue a Ph.D. and work in research or as university professors.

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Transport Engineering Career

Transportation engineering focuses on the design and development of public transportation infrastructure and systems. As a discipline of civil engineering, practitioners endeavor to create roads, bridges, mass transit systems and other modes of transport to enhance society. In this capacity, these practitioners may design, operate and repair any of these assets with the aim of producing fast, efficient, safe, cost-effective, and sustainable forms of transport. Airport, highway, railroad and port engineering are all subsets of the discipline.

Learn more about becoming a transport engineer by contacting the schools below to request information about their programs!

On a daily basis, transport engineers juggle a medley of tasks from interfacing with clients and suppliers in-person and over e-mail to meeting with their teams to receive project status updates and to address any complications in a project lifecycle. More business-oriented professionals may attend strategy sessions with their executive teams and/or meet with current and potential investors to discuss prospective opportunities in the market place. In the evenings, many professionals engage in continuing education initiatives, whereby they may take a course on new technological advances and/or attend a presentation by an academic or industry practitioner to receive insight on best practices or solutions to existing problems.
National and local governments, as well as private firms, seeks to employ these professionals for global projects, where they are given the responsibility to ensure safety and efficiency, whereby they are entrusted to ensure public safety by meeting building codes and standards through computer hardware and software applications.

Academic Preparation for Transport Engineers
A Bachelor’s Degree is required by employers to secure a position in the industry. Undergraduate students complete classes in design, land development, traffic systems, safety analysis and mass transit, in addition to more general courses in physics and calculus. At the Master’s level, students undertake coursework in construction techniques, risk analysis, soil mechanics, risk modeling and facility design, while Ph.D. candidates perform work in demand forecasting, probability, freight design, and urban planning. Firms often require advanced degrees to undertake positions of senior management. Ph.D. students have the credentials to teach at the university level, while other advanced students may elect to start their own consulting firms to service larger institutions in the industry. Aspiring business executives should work to develop their negotiating, management and leadership capacities. Often, they will demonstrate superb written and oral communication skills in negotiating, making presentations, and directing human assets in an endeavor.

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Mechanical Engineer Careers

Mechanical engineering is the study of motion, energy and force. The mechanical engineer seeks to control these elements by using a combination of material, human and economic resources to develop mechanical solutions that help satisfy the needs and wants of society.

What Do Mechanical Engineers Do?

Some of the most common job functions of a mechanical engineer are:

• Product Design:

  Designing products ranging from biomedical devices to internal combustion engines to fuel-efficient motor vehicles, motors, and appliances.

• Research and Development:

  Researching new ideas and solutions that satisfy society’s demands or improving or expanding older ideas and solutions.

• Manufacturing:

  Designing and building machines that mass produce consumer products. Of prime importance is designing and building machines that improve operating efficiency.

• Systems Management:

  Managing the operations of a large system, such as a manufacturing facility or a power plant.

• Energy:

  Planning how energy is created, stored and moved in industries that produce and deliver electrical power, such as natural gas, oil, and alternative energy.

In most of these areas, the mechanical engineer’s goal is to harness or create energy in machines such as boilers, air conditioners, and refrigeration equipment. Product design is about designing and manufacturing tangible products, such as engines, personal computers, and dishwashers.

Mechanical engineers must be comfortable making decisions. They decide the size, material, and shape of every part of a machine or mechanical device. Some decisions are critical to human life, such as those concerning the safety features of an industrial machine or a consumer product.

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Structural Engineering career

Structural Engineering focuses on the support integrity of large developments such as buildings, bridges, and stadiums. Structural engineers are responsible for some of the most import constructions in history, including Washington Roebling who built the Brooklyn Bridge in New York and Gustave Eiffel who completed The Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. Structural engineers traditionally collaborate with a team of professionals including architects, urban planners, and civil engineers, among others, to realize the completion of a project.

Federal and local governments, as well as private enterprises, contract these practitioners for work throughout the world, whereby they are entrusted to ensure public safety by meeting building codes and standards. For buildings, these professionals achieve this by developing components such as roof framing columns and foundations. In bridges, they develop the piers, deck and/or stringers. In addition, they select the most appropriate materials including wood, concrete, steel and/or aluminum, thereby protecting the structure and surrounding communities in the case of natural disasters, weather, collisions or explosions. To determine the best materials, structural engineers rely on digital hardware and software applications for modeling and analysis.

Employers require structural engineers to have a college degree in the discipline or comparable areas such as civil engineering. Most professionals have acquired a Master’s Degree or even a Ph.D. to distinguish themselves in the marketplace. Undergraduate students complete coursework in materials, algorithms, design and mechanics, among other concepts. Advanced academic training in the field facilitates a candidate’s ability to receive management positions in the industry as well as university teaching roles. At the Master’s Degree level, students complete classwork in advanced materials design principles, structural mechanics and seismology. For Ph.D. students, coursework includes classes in computer modeling, advanced renovation and restoration as well as risk analysis.

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Best Engineering Fields for Future

Sweeping advances in science, industry, and computing have sparked a revolution in engineering employment. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics forecasts rapid growth for a range of engineering occupations through the next decade and beyond, but record job creation is only part of what makes this sector so attractive; six of the top 7 highest paying [undergraduate] college majors are in engineering, according to a salary survey from the National Association of Colleges & Employers. Some of the best engineering fields for future....

1. Software Engineer

   Software engineers merge creativity and mastery programming to develop the computer programs we use every day, including business productivity suites, operating systems, mobile applications, and social networks.
   As the proliferation of mobile and cloud computing continues to change how we interact with the digital world, businesses are racing to develop new systems and applications to gain a competitive advantage in the rapidly evolving space. In addition to cloud and mobile expertise, software engineers with cyber-security skills will be in high demand as companies strive to protect their data and electronic infrastructure from escalating threats.

2. Biomedical Engineer

   Biomedical engineers design solutions to advance the field of medicine and improve patients' quality of life. This can include activities like designing prosthetic limbs and artificial organs, conducting stem cell research to cure diseases, and developing better biological imaging systems.
   U.S. News & World Report named biomedical engineer "America's Top Technology Career" in 2011, and that was before the latest forecast from the U.S. Dept. of Labor confirmed continued record growth and increased wages through 2020. Demand for biomedical engineers will be driven by the increased medical needs of an aging baby-boomer generation, rapid innovations in current medical technologies, and deep research into the medical applications of emerging technologies, such as 3D Printing and Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems, a.k.a. MEMS (the precursor to nanobots).

3. Petroleum Engineer

   Petroleum engineers design new ways to locate and extract oil and gas from subterranean deposits. This position often involves travel to drilling sites to supervise construction and operations.
   With just over 5,000 new jobs to be created through 2020, there aren't many positions to be had, but for those with the drive to make it, now is an ideal time to begin training for a petroleum engineering career. The outlook in this field is semi-dependent on political and economic trends (oil prices for example), and current trends point to a very bright future; new processing and production technologies, such as 3D seismic imaging, horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (a.k.a. Fracking), have helped domestic petroleum production surpass imports (in May 2013) for first time since 1997. The International Energy Agency heralded more good news for petroleum engineers in its recent prediction that "the U.S. will be the world's biggest petroleum producer by 2020, and will be energy independent by 2030.”

4. Civil Engineer

   Civil engineers design and manage large-scale construction projects, such as bridges and tunnels, buildings, airports, and public works like sewage treatment and water supply systems. Many civil engineers use computer-aided drafting and design (CADD) programs, such as AutoCAD, to render blueprints.
   As the American populace continues to grow, so does the infrastructure needs of her citizens. Key ventures that will drive civil engineer demand through 2020 include maintenance of aging roadways and mass-transit lines, upgrades to water supply and waste filtration systems, and commercial and residential real-estate development in and around high-growth population centers.

5. Environmental Engineer

   Environmental engineers apply their knowledge of natural sciences, such as biology and chemistry, to study and develop solutions for environmental problems. Key areas of interest include waste management, recycling, and the reduction of air and water pollution.
   Stateside career opportunities for environmental engineers are skyrocketing as businesses strive to meet new air and water pollution regulations while implementing cutting-edge manufacturing technologies to reduce costs and spur a competitive advantage. Political and socioeconomic trends will contribute to demand in this sector as special interest groups – and society at large – turn their focus to hot-button environmental issues like sustainable "green" energy, global climate change and the public health implications of fracking.